Endoscopy and Biopsy 
• A transrectal needle biopsy is the removal of a small piece of the tumor for examination by a pathologist . Its
  accuracy can often be increased by guiding the needle with ultrasound .
• Cystoscopy (passage of a small tube through the urinary canal) will provide a different view of the prostate
  and allow the doctor to move the prostate while it is being examined with a finger in the rectum. In this way,
  the lump can be felt from a variety of angles and it can be discovered whether the lump has become attached to
  adjacent tissues.
• Flow cytometry and nuclear shape analysis are tests to evaluate the characteristics of the prostate cells
  removed by biopsy. Cancer cells are less uniform than normal ones.